The first thing is to find a central character. This protagonist is the soul of the story, whose action can prolong the story’s tension and evoke the audience’s emotion. This character is the hero of the story; he or she may appear “un-heroic” at the beginning, so “the audience might struggle to empathize with him or her”. Then the protagonist must have a goal, and the process of achieving this goal is the whole story. However, to realize this goal must not be easy. As other characters may have the same aim or are against this aim. The central character has to overcome the problems in order for them to complete his or her mission. That is the conflict, which makes up the essential point for every story.
Although we have a protagonist and conflict, it does not necessarily mean we will have a good story. This is especially the case for documentaries. Sheila Curran Bernard has written, “The concept of telling a story for greatest emotional impact and audience participation is perhaps the most difficult.” We are always told to “show, don’t tell”, which means we present the evidence or information that allows audiences themselves to experience and come up with a conclusion, rather than being simply told. They should actively follow the story line, rather than passively accepted storyteller’s idea. To achieve this emotional impact, the filmmaker must instruct the story with the moment of conflict, climax and resolution and the moment of achievement, loss, and reversal into the internal rhythms of storytelling. Then audiences will naturally follow this tension, and become involved with the story. When audiences know the characters and understand their wants and needs, they tend to care about what happens to them next, then they become involved in the stories.
A good storyteller should be sensitive to the issues of daily life. As all the stories are created on the real life. As we all know, every person has many good stories to tell, but a sensitive heart is needed to find them and put these story on screen. Observing the things around you is a good way to find a story. I have a good example. I met a language teacher at the La Trobe University, who show me her Chinese daughter’s photo when she found out that I am also Chinese. I was very curious about her reasons for adopting a little Chinese girl when she already had a son. At that time, I just need to make a twenty minutes radio documentary, I felt this was a fantastic story. Little did I know, she had a really emotional story of the adoption process, and the love she gave to this child who did not have any blood relations to her was also very heart warming. If not for a little bit of luck and curiosity, their story would never have been told.
All the stories are from real life, however being a story should more than real life. To be a storyteller we need have some real life experiences, because only then can we can transform them into a story and do it justice. If we create a story which we do not know where the origins are from, it will not be a good story, because it may not be from real life experiences. So we need to use our eyes to observe, use our ears to listen, and use our heart to feel. Only then can we accumulate many real stories, and can easily tell them. As we can choose different elements from the real story to develop an interesting story to evoke audience’s emotion. For a documentary, the purpose is not only to tell the story well, but to also promote the audiences to consider a particular issue that they may not otherwise.